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Troubleshooting·LPIC-2

Boot order, and what actually delayed it

Topic 202 is system startup, and its most useful skill is reading a boot the way systemd measures it. This guide separates the phases, shows why the slowest service is usually not the reason a machine was slow to start, and finishes with the one-line health check worth running on every machine you inherit.

201: System Startup Guide 11 of 29 Intermediate

One host, deliberately idle. Every command on these pages reads a counter or a pseudo-file; nothing is configured and no process is signalled.
Server NameIP AddressOSRolesCPURAMHDD
LPIC2-A01192.168.0.78Ubuntu 26.04 LTSPrimary service host - BIND, Apache, Samba, Postfix. Topic 204 RAID runs on loop devices; this machine has no spare disk2 Core4 GB50 GB

This guide includes

Use this for the system startup topic. This matters because blame and critical-chain answer different questions - the slowest unit is often not the one that delayed the boot.

Before you start

  1. Three phases, and the chain that caused the wait

  2. Targets are sets, not modes

  3. The one-line health check

Official sources